Long multiplication – Grade 4
Long multiplication with one- and two-digit factors: carries, partial products and the tens place explained. Create a free worksheet or try an online test.
🎯 What you will learn
- ✓Carry to the next place
- ✓Distinguish ones and tens products
💡 How it works
Times tables and column addition help here. Start with a one-digit factor before adding two partial products.
How it works
💡 Multiply right to left. A tens factor is ten times its digit value.
For 236 × 4, start with ones: 6 × 4 = 24. Write 4 and carry 2 tens. Then calculate 3 × 4 + 2 = 14. Add the carry to the next product; do not multiply it again.
Split a two-digit factor: 23 = 20 + 3. For 124 × 23, calculate 124 × 3 = 372 and 124 × 20 = 2480. The zero holds the ones place in the tens product. Then add the partial products.
🧩 See the method
✍️ Worked examples
Worked examples 1
236 × 4
- 1.6 × 4 = 24: write 4, carry 2.
- 2.3 × 4 + 2 = 14: write 4, carry 1.
- 3.2 × 4 + 1 = 9. Check: 944 ÷ 4 = 236.
✓ 944
Worked examples 2
124 × 23
- 1.Ones product: 124 × 3 = 372.
- 2.Tens product: 124 × 20 = 2480.
- 3.372 + 2480 = 2852; estimate 120 × 23 = 2760.
✓ 2852
⚠️ Common mistakes
- • Using ×2 instead of ×20. The product must represent two tens.
- • Reusing carries from the first partial product in the second. Start each product afresh.
📝 Try it yourself
1.
123 × 3
Show answer
369
2.
247 × 4
Show answer
988
3.
308 × 6
Show answer
1848
4.
142 × 12
Show answer
1704
5.
215 × 24
Show answer
5160
6.
306 × 32
Show answer
9792
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FAQ
Why is there a zero in the second partial product?
You are multiplying by tens. 124 × 20 = 2480, not 248.
How do I check exactly?
Divide the result by a factor: 944 ÷ 4 = 236. An estimate checks only the approximate size.